A highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for the determination of troxerutin in human plasma using tramadol as internal standard (IS) has been developed and validated. Sample preparation involved liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-isopropanol (95:5, v/v). The analyte and IS were separated by RP-LC with gradient elution using 10 mM ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid and methanol at a flow rate of 0.9 mL min(-1). LC-MS-MS in the positive ion mode employed multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions at m/z 743.2 -> 435.3 and m/z 264.1 -> 58.0 for troxerutin and IS, respectively. The assay was linear in the concentration range 0.01-10 ng mL(-1) with precision and accuracy within assay variability limits as per FDA guidelines. The assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study involving oral administration of 300 mg troxerutin to eight healthy Chinese volunteers.